Sodium hypochlorite is usually found in what concentration as a liquid?

Sodium hypochlorite, commonly used as a disinfectant and in water treatment processes, is typically found in liquid form at a concentration of around 12%. This concentration is effective for various applications, including municipal water treatment and swimming pool sanitation, where sufficient chlorine levels are required to kill bacteria and other pathogens.

The 12% solution is favored because it provides an adequate balance between effectiveness and handling ease. Higher concentrations may pose greater risks in handling and storage, while lower concentrations may not provide sufficient disinfection properties. Understanding the typical concentration of sodium hypochlorite is essential for water operators to ensure they are using the correct dosage in treatment processes to maintain water safety and quality.