What does 'Elevation Head' refer to in a water system?

Elevation head is a term used in hydrology and fluid mechanics to describe the vertical distance between a reference point (usually the suction of a pump or the base of a hydraulic system) and the highest point of the water being moved within the system. In the context of this question, it refers specifically to the vertical distance from the pump to the highest point in the water distribution system. This measurement is critical as it impacts the pressure and energy requirements for water to reach various locations in the system.

Understanding elevation head helps water operators ensure that there is adequate pressure to overcome gravitational forces and deliver water effectively throughout the distribution network. When planning or troubleshooting water systems, knowing the elevation head can inform decisions about pump size and energy consumption.