What is friction head in a water system?

Friction head refers to the energy lost by water due to friction as it flows through pipes and fittings in a water distribution system. As water moves, it encounters resistance from the surfaces of the pipes and any obstacles or fittings it passes through. This resistance generates heat and diminishes the energy available for water flow, manifesting as a loss of hydraulic energy.

The concept of friction head is critical for operators to understand because it affects the efficiency and capacity of water systems. When designing and evaluating a water distribution network, operators must consider the friction losses to ensure adequate pressure and flow are maintained at the delivery points. This understanding helps in selecting appropriate pipe sizes, materials, and pump specifications to minimize these friction losses and enhance performance throughout the system.