What term refers to excessive internal pressure that can seriously damage hydropneumatic tanks, valves, and piping networks?

The term that refers to excessive internal pressure that can cause serious damage to hydropneumatic tanks, valves, and piping networks is water hammer. This phenomenon occurs when there is a sudden change in the flow of water, typically caused by the rapid closing of a valve or the abrupt stoppage of a pump. The momentum of the flowing water creates a shock wave, leading to a spike in pressure throughout the system. This pressure surge can result in significant mechanical stress on tanks, pipes, and fittings, potentially leading to leaks, ruptures, or serious structural failures.

Understanding water hammer is crucial for water operators because it emphasizes the importance of managing flow rates and implementing proper procedures when operating valves and pumps. This helps to maintain system integrity and prevent costly damage, ensuring the safe and efficient operation of water distribution systems.