Which type of analysis is critical for determining water quality?

Bacteriological analysis is essential for determining water quality as it specifically focuses on the presence and concentration of bacteria in water samples. This analysis helps identify harmful microorganisms that can pose health risks to humans and animals. By measuring parameters such as coliform bacteria, fecal coliforms, and E. coli, water operators can assess the safety of the water supply and take necessary actions to ensure public health.

In contrast, mechanical analysis examines physical characteristics, hydraulic analysis assesses the flow and movement of water, and geological analysis evaluates the physical properties of soil and rock in relation to water sources. While these other types of analysis provide valuable information, they do not directly assess microbial contamination, which is a primary concern in water quality management. Therefore, bacteriological analysis is the most critical for evaluating the safety and quality of water.